Most anyone who played high school sports, had a paper route, or engaged in playground snowball warfare has thrown their fair share of objects. As is true with all athletic endeavors, proper form and technique ensure good performance and safety. But what exactly constitutes good throwing mechanics?
First and foremost, the body needs to be positioned correctly in order to take advantage of the powerful muscles of the legs and trunk, not solely the arm. In order to engage the trunk and leg muscles into the throw, you must place your front shoulder and front leg toward the target. While stepping toward the target with your front leg by pushing off the rear leg, the throwing arm needs to be properly positioned to deliver the throw. In essence, the arm should follow a circular path.
This path begins at the waist and then follows back overhead with the elbow bent halfway. In this position, it is important that the muscles of the shoulder blade be engaged to set the shoulder blade down and back, in it's most powerful position. At this time the trunk muscles activate to turn the throwing arm toward the target.
As the final link of the chain, the arm then follows through toward the target. This follow through should carry at a slight diagonal off of the vertical. All of these elements combine to carry the most energy to the ball through utilization of the entire body.
Overlooking these basic elements of throwing can lead to overuse injuries of the arm, most often the shoulder and elbow. The important stabilizing muscles of the shoulder, known collectively as the rotator cuff, are often the site of injury. Injuries can occur here due to underutilization of the leg, trunk, and scapular muscles, which places too much stress on the relatively small muscles of the rotator cuff. A rotator cuff that has been overused will often develop strength and motion imbalances, further predisposing an individual to injury.
If you have a throwing injury or want to know more about how to prevent a throwing injury, please free to contact your All Access Physical Therapist or Fitness Professional.